There can be some uncertainty about the differences between IM vs SubQ
421,422,423,424,425 Future directions Future translational arterial stiffness research should (i) enhance clinical assessment (e.g., multimodal imaging, wearable-based PWV analysis in large clinical trials and population studies), (ii) identify specific phenotypes and endotypes, (iii) decipher the underlying mechanisms of the use of state-of-the-art technologies (e.g., specific microfluid cell culture systems, machine learning approaches) and new risk factors (e.g., chronic psychosocial stress, air pollution), and (iv) develop tailored prevention and therapeutic approaches (e.g., new pharmacological agents targeting low-grade systemic inflammation, AI-based personalized intervention)
[1] What Is Glutathione and Why Do People Take It
This personalized approach delivers superior outcomes compared to adding unproven supplements like glutathione