Release of basal GnRH was found to be increased during the proestrous and diestrous I in hypothalamic slices of ALC-treated rats, which could mean that ALC stimulates the secretory activity of GnRH-producing hypothalamic neurons
Nature Med.), which demonstrated that metabolism by intestinal microbiota of dietary L-carnitine produced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and accelerated atherosclerosis in mice

Abbreviations AKT1: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase BMI: Body Mass Index CpG: Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine dinucleotide DESeq2: Differential Expression analysis based on the Negative Binomial distribution DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid DMSO: Dimethyl Sulfoxide FDR: False Discovery Rate FC: Fold Change GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis GO: Gene Ontology GRCh38: Genome Reference Consortium Human Build 38 IPA: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes LP: Lipedema Patient HC: Healthy Control MTBE: Methyl-t-butyl ether NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance PLS-DA: Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis RIN: RNA Integrity Number RNA: Ribonucleic Acid RNA-Seq: RNA Sequencing SD: Standard Deviation SOP: Standard Operating Procedure STAR: Spliced Transcripts Alignment to a Reference TCA: Tricarboxylic Acid (cycle) TSS: Transcription Start Site TSP-d4: 2,2,3,3-d4-trimethylsilyl-propionic acid sodium salt UTR: Untranslated Region VIP: Variable Importance in Projection References Herbst KL, Kahn LA, Iker E, Ehrlich C, Wright T, McHutchison L, Schwartz J, Sleigh M, Donahue PM, Lisson KH, et al

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119:e2123241119