GHK-Cu Levels in various tissues Source: PubMed Research in rats indicates that one possible mechanism by which GHK-Cu protects brain tissue is by preventing apoptosis
For comparison of multiple groups, one-way ANOVA or two-way repeated measures ANOVA were used
In order to adjust for confounders, the following covariate variables were selected as the independent variable: age, race, ethnicity, sex, BMI, history of chronic kidney disease (CKD), history of congestive heart failure (CHF), history of diabetes, history of gastric surgery, history of gastroparesis, whether bowel prep was used (e.g., underwent same day EGD-flexible sigmoidoscopy or EGD-colonoscopy), history of GLP-1RA use, and other medications known to contribute to delayed gastric emptying
Subgroup analyses showed significant between-study heterogeneity in studies conducted in all subgroups that were not probable sources of heterogeneity (Table 3)