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doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1754492 Received 26 November 2025 Revised 20 December 2025 Accepted 24 December 2025 Published 21 January 2026 Volume 12 - 2025 Edited by Javier Diaz-Castro, University of Granada, Spain Reviewed by Mahsa Rezazadegan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran Soroush Taherkhani, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Updates Copyright 2026 Poon, Li, Schweitzer and Akefe

Your Bethany Womens Healthcare provider determines when to schedule your next series of vitamin injections to reap the most benefit from treatment

When the gut lining is inflamed and permeable, neurotransmitter production is disrupted, inflammatory cytokines cross into systemic circulation and reach the brain, and the vagus nerve the primary communication cable between gut and brain transmits distress signals that manifest as anxiety, brain fog, and fatigue

This trace element is essential for the vitamins biological activity