Composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine, glutathione plays a central role in numerous biochemical processes and has become one of the most extensively studied endogenous compounds in molecular biology and cellular research
The ANT crystal structures in both cytoplasmic-open (c-state) and matrix-open states (m-state) locked by two inhibitors bound at the solute binding site, carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid respectively, highlighted a conserved alternating-access transport mechanism 5 enabled by the conformational change upon solute binding at the central cavity 6,7
Often referred to as the body's "master antioxidant," it helps protect cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals
Therefore, iron deficiency, due to inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, can impair thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, increasing the risk of thyroid diseases [16, 54, 55]