The identification of dysregulated incretin secretion and action in both obesity and diabetes led to the revolutionary discovery of incretin-based drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RAs [24,25,26,27,28]
As OxS plays an important role in PSC activation and fibrosis, the use of antioxidants to inhibit OxS is valued by researchers [36, 37]
sinensis (Danggui) are Gansu Province and Yunnan Province in China (REN and DENG, 2023)
Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmia)